Metal fabricating lubricant



Patented Feb. 3, 1942 METAL FABRICA'HNGL Q I Arnold' J. Morway, ClarkTownship, "Union ty, n Jflhl'l C- Zimmer, Union N J assignors toStandard Oil Development Com pany, a corporation of Delaware NoDr-awing.Original applioationDecember 31,

1936, Serial No .-118,566. j pividediand this ape plication December 22,1939, Serial No.f3l0 ,'55

4 Claims. (OL- 2601-:100);

The present invention relates to improvements in the artwofhproducinglubricating oils and more specifically to oils capable of withstandingheavy loads such 'asare used in the cutting'of metals and other types ofmetal fabrication and likewise for power transmission oils, gear oilsand the like.

fully understood from the following description.

The invention will be This application is a division of our Serial No.118,566, filed December 31, 1936', now Patent No. 2,217,764, patentedOct. 10, 1940.

For many years it has been recognized that organic materials, such asfatty and mineral oils, could be sulfurized and that the sulfurizedmaterials had very high load bearing capacity,

particularly for steel to steel bearings, gears and the like. Thesulfurization has ordinarily been carried out in either of two Ways, forexample, by cooking elementary sulfur into the oil or by treatment ofthe oil with a sulfur chloride. Both of these methods have objections,namely, if the reaction is vigorous enough to bind a larg amount ofsulfur into the oil permanently, it is found that the oil is badlydiscolored, While if less vigorous action is used the amount of sulfurtaken up by the oil is not sufficient, and moreover the sulfur is notpermanently bound and continues to settle from the oil during storageand use.

It has been found that one class of organic compounds are much superiorto others which have been treated because of the fact that a sufiicientamount of sulfur can be incorporated in order to give valuable loadbearing capacity,

and at the same time there would be little or no darkening in color,with the result that a suitable compound is produced which is clear andtransparent.

The particular class of substances referred to comprises the abieticacid compounds which include not only abietic acid itself but alsoesters of the acid such as aliphatic alcoholic esters, and also aromaticesters such as phenolic esters.

Abieticlacid, as is well known, is obtained from.

colophony or resin, but it contains certain impurities of a tarry naturWhich-should be removed in order to get a clean clear product. Thesematerials may be removed in a variety of different ways such as bycareful vacuum distillation, but the extraction processes are the mostdesirable and an excellent product can be obtained by extraction ofrosin with propane, butane, pentane, or mixtures of these hydrocarbons.These hydrocarbons may be used to purify the abietic acid from the cruderosin by 5 orthe' rosin'may be 'completely'dissolved at 'amore"-elevated temperature and by reduction of temperature thetarryni'aterials may be precipitated and thus separated from the abietic acidwhich is retained in solution' Partially hydrogenated abietic acidcompounds mayalso be used.

It has been generally stated that alcoholic "esters of abieti'c acidmaybeuse'd. It is preferred to use 'monobasic' aliphatic alcohols forthis purpose, such'as methyl, ethyl, the propyl and the'butyl alcohols;but cyclo alcohols may also be used, such as cyclohexanol, or aromaticalcohols, such as benzyl alcohol, or phenols, such as the ordinaryphenol, cresols, or various naphthols. Glycolie esters or glycerides ofthe hydrogenated acid may also be used, but generally the monobasicalkyl esters are preferable.

After the purified abietic acid compound has been obtained it issulfurizedby either of the two methods referred ,to'above. Ifelementary,

sulfur is used,5 to 15%, say about 10%, is usu-,

ally added to the ester or acid as the case may be and the mixture isheated to about 350 F. and maintained at this temperature until thereaction is completed. When sulfur chloride is used for sulfurization,it is ordinarily added in the proportion of about 10 to 15% to theabietic acid compound, and the mixture isheated to about 250 F. which issufiicient for reaction. The mixture should be kept in agitation, and inorder to remove the chlorine, air or other gas may be blown through themixture while in a heated condition. If chlorine is not objectionablefor the particular use intended, a small amount may be allowed toremain.

The sulfurized stock produced by either of the above methods may be useddirectly as a compounding agent for gear oils or other oils,particularly those used in metal fabrication. The

sulfurized material is a clean, clear, transparent, viscous oil whichhas not darkened appreciably and will not darken to any substantialextent on standing. Furthermore, itwill be found that a. substantialquantity of sulfur may be so incorporated and that it is in stablecondition". No separationof sulfur occurs. This material may be added toany type of petroleum oils without detriment to color or generalappearance, except, of course, in the case of the so-called white oils.Those particular products are water white in color and will, of course,be given a yellow appearance.

dissolving the "abietic acid from the impurities Example I milky. Thismilky appearance disappeared on reheating to room temperature.

Example II The methyl ester of abietic acid was heated with sulfurmonochloride at 250 F. The product foamed largely but the reaction wasnot too vigorous to be controlled. deep red. On adding 10% to alubricating oil, agood extreme pressure oil was obtained, of good colorand capable of carrying a shock load of 11 weights on the Almen machine.This product was a. good transparent cutting oil.

Example III The product was made as in Example II except that 15% sulfurmonochloride was used and 5 parts of a heavy saturated rubber-likehydrocarbon polymer was added to the ester before addition of the S2012.The reaction was quite violent but the final mixture was similar to thatof Ex- This product is a ample II except somewhat darker. A 10% solutionin mineral oil carried 13 weights shock load on the Almen machine.

The invention claimed is:

1. The method of preparing a new composition of matter comprising thesteps in combination of partially hydrogenating an abietic acidsubstance selected from the group consisting of abietic acid and abieticacid esters, and sulfurizing the hydrogenated, abietic acid substance attemperatures between 250 F. and 350 F.

2. The method of preparing a new composition of matter comprising thesteps of partially hydrogenating an abietic acid substance selected fromthe group consisting of abietic acid and abietic acid esters and sulfurchloridizing the hydrogenated, abietic acid substance at temperaturesbetween 250 F. and 350 F.

3. A composition of matter comprising an abietic acid substance selectedfrom the group consistingof abietic acid and abietic acid esterscharacterized by a hydrogen content higher than the ordinary substancebut less than complete saturation with hydrogen; and the presence ofcombined sulfur chloride.

4. A composition of matter comprising a methyl ester of abietic acidcontaining additional hydrogen, less than sufiicientfor completesaturation and combined sulfur chloride.

ARNOLD J. MORWAY. JOHN C. ZIMMER.

